What is one effect of negative caustic embrittlement in a boiler?

Negative caustic embrittlement occurs when caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) concentrations become excessively high in boiler water, leading to a significant reduction in the toughness of the material. This phenomenon typically affects carbon steel, which is commonly used in boiler construction. As the embrittlement progresses, the structural integrity of the boiler components deteriorates, making them more susceptible to cracking and failure under stress.

When caustic embrittlement takes hold, it can lead to severe issues, including leaks, ruptures, and ultimately structural collapse of the boiler system. The materials become brittle and lose their ability to withstand operational pressures and temperatures, which dramatically increases the risk of catastrophic failure. Therefore, recognizing and addressing negative caustic embrittlement is crucial for maintaining boiler safety and efficiency.

The other options do not accurately reflect the reality of negative caustic embrittlement, as it does not improve durability, seal joints, or have insignificant impacts. Instead, its consequences are serious and detrimental to boiler operation.